Essential pattern Grammar reference

Mà

B1 Casual Southern Vietnamese 821 views

Relative clause marker — colloquial.

Definition

What it means

Illustration for the Vietnamese grammar pattern Mà
English

The word 'mà' acts like a relative pronoun, connecting a noun to a clause that gives more information about that noun. It's similar to 'that' or 'which' in English, but it's used more casually in Southern Vietnamese.

Tiếng Việt

Từ 'mà' là đại từ quan hệ, nối danh từ với một mệnh đề phụ để giải thích thêm về danh từ đó. Giống như 'that' hay 'which' trong tiếng Anh, nhưng thường được dùng một cách thân mật hơn trong tiếng Việt Nam miền Nam.

Examples

In real Southern Vietnamese

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  1. Anh chàng mà tui gặp hôm qua là hàng xóm mới của tui.

    The guy that I met yesterday is my new neighbour.

  2. Cái bánh mà má tui nướng ngon lắm.

    The cake that my mom baked is delicious.

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“Mà” has more than one use

Same word, different jobs in a sentence. These are covered separately:

  • mà The word 'mà' in Southern Vietnamese is a versatile particle. It can indicate reason, purpose, or a contrastin…
  • mà The word 'mà' in Southern Vietnamese is a versatile conjunction. It can mean 'and', 'but', or express a reason…
  • mà Sentence-final 'mà' is the everyday justifier — the little word that turns a flat statement into a softly defe…
  • mà The word 'mà' in Southern Vietnamese is a versatile particle. It can express emphasis, a sense of 'but', 'alth…
  • mà A small connecting word that bridges a cause to its emotional or reactive consequence — 'so much that', 'enoug…
  • Mà This is a word with a variety of complex uses in Vietnamese. In the example sentence, the word that is used as…
Usage notes
'(Noun) + mà + (clause)' = 'noun that ___'. Acts like English relative pronoun 'that / which / who'. 'Anh chàng mà tui gặp hôm qua' = The guy I met yesterday. Position: 'mà' bridges the noun and the descriptive clause.
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