Essential pattern Grammar reference

cũng

A1 Common Southern Vietnamese 258 views

Universal — agreement / similarity marker.

Definition

What it means

Illustration for the Vietnamese grammar pattern cũng
English

"cũng" means "also / too" before a verb, echoing what someone else does. Paired with a question word (ai, gì, đâu, nào...) it becomes emphatic "every / any" — "ai cũng" = everyone, "gì cũng" = anything. With "ngay cả ... cũng" it means "even."

Tiếng Việt

Cũng nghĩa "cũng/luôn" đứng trước động từ để nói mình làm giống người khác. Đi với từ để hỏi (ai, gì, đâu, nào...) thì thành nghĩa nhấn mạnh "mọi/bất kỳ": ai cũng, gì cũng. Với ngay cả ... cũng nghĩa là "ngay cả".

Examples

In real Southern Vietnamese

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  1. Anh đi thì em cũng đi.

    If you go, I'll go too.

  2. Ai cũng thích nhỏ đó hết.

    Everybody likes her.

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“cũng” has more than one use

Same word, different jobs in a sentence. These are covered separately:

  • cũng CŨNG, as adverb, indicates an action of a subject oriented towards many different objects that are identical (…
Usage notes
'cũng' goes BEFORE the verb/adjective to mark similarity or agreement. 'Tôi cũng đi' = I'm going too. 'Em cũng khỏe' = I'm also well. Pairs naturally with 'nữa' at the end for emphasis.
Deep dive

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Common mistakes

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Practice

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Also in "Emphatic Constructions — Making the Point Stick"

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