Vietnamese pronunciation: Nguyên âm đôi, ba - Diphthongs, Triphthongs

In addition to 11 monophthong vowels, the Vietnamese language has 32 diphthongs and 13 triphthongs.

32 diphthongs:

AI, AO, AU, ÂU, AY, ÂY, EO, ÊU, IA, IÊ/YÊ, IU, OA, OĂ, OE, OI, ÔI, ƠI, OO, ÔÔ, UA, UĂ, UÂ, ƯA, UÊ, UI, ƯI,UO, UÔ, UƠ, ƯƠ, ƯU, UY

13 triphthongs:

IÊU/YÊU, OAI, OAO, OAY, OEO, UAO, UÂY, UÔI, ƯƠI, ƯƠU, UYA, UYÊ, UYU

There are 12 vowels which must be followed by:

• a vowel or a final consonant: Â, IÊ, UÂ, UÔ, ƯƠ, YÊ.
• a final consonant: Ă, OĂ, OO, ÔÔ, UĂ, UYÊ.

Also, in Southern dialect, there are some vowels different in the way they are pronounced, compared to Northern one.

Please watch the video below to know more about this.