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Mastering Causative Verbs in Vietnamese
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Mastering Causative Verbs in Vietnamese

Welcome to S Tiếng Việt Giọng Miền Nam—your go-to resource for learning Vietnamese as a foreigner! Today, we are diving into causative verbs in Vietnamese. These verbs are used when you want to make someone do something or cause an action to happen. By the end of this lesson, you'll be familiar with common causative verbs like bắt, cho, phép, and many more.


Understanding Causative Verbs in Vietnamese

Causative verbs play an important role in everyday communication. They are structured as:

➡ Verb 1 + Direct Object + Verb 2

  • Verb 1: The action taken by the subject (causing the effect).
  • Direct Object: Usually a person who is affected.
  • Verb 2: The action that the direct object is made to do.

For example:
✅ Mẹ kêu con lấy vợ. → Mom tells me to get married.
✅ Ba cho em chạy xe máy. → Dad allows me to ride a motorbike.


Causative Verbs in Action

Let’s look at a short conversation between a mother and her son to see how these verbs are used in real-life situations:

👩 Mom: Con lớn rồi! Chừng nào mới chịu lấy vợ cho mẹ có cháu nội nữa chứ?
(You’re grown up now! When will you get married so I can have a grandchild?)

👦 Son: Trời ơi! Con mới có 22 tuổi mà mẹ kêu con lấy vợ!
(Oh my! I’m only 22, but you’re telling me to get married!)

👩 Mom: Hồi đó mẹ mới có 18 tuổi là ông ngoại bắt mẹ lấy chồng rồi!
(Back then, I was only 18 when your grandfather made me get married!)

👦 Son: Mẹ kêu con lấy vợ mà không cho phép con đi chơi. Cấm con tụ tập bạn bè, vậy con kiếm vợ ở đâu?
(You want me to get married, but you don’t allow me to go out or hang out with friends. So how can I find a wife?)

This dialogue demonstrates kêu (tell), bắt (force), cho phép (allow), and cấm (forbid) in natural conversation.


Common Causative Verbs in Vietnamese

Here are some frequently used causative verbs and their meanings:

VerbExample SentenceMeaning
Kêu (tell)Mẹ kêu con đi ngủ.Mom tells me to sleep.
Bắt (force)Mẹ bắt con học bài.Mom forces me to study.
Cấm (forbid)Mẹ cấm con đi chơi khuya.Mom forbids me from going out late.
Cho phép (allow)Anh cho phép em ra ngoài.He allows me to go out.
Dạy (teach)Cô dạy em tiếng Việt.The teacher teaches me Vietnamese.
Đề nghị (suggest)Tôi đề nghị anh đứng lên.I suggest you stand up.
Khuyên (advise)Mẹ khuyên con nên học giỏi.Mom advises me to study well.
Khuyến khích (encourage)Cô khuyến khích em nói tiếng Việt.The teacher encourages me to speak Vietnamese.
Mời (invite)Anh mời em ngồi.He invites me to sit.
Nhờ (ask for help)Mẹ nhờ em đi chợ.Mom asks me to go to the market.
Ra lệnh (order)Giám đốc ra lệnh cho nhân viên làm việc.The director orders employees to work.
Thuyết phục (persuade)Anh thuyết phục mẹ đi du lịch.He persuades mom to travel.
Yêu cầu (demand)Công ty yêu cầu nhân viên không đi trễ.The company demands employees not to be late.

Sentence Structures for Causative Verbs

Here are some key rules to remember:

1. Using "không được" for prohibition

The phrase không được is inserted between the direct object and verb 2 to emphasize prohibition.

🔹 Giáo viên cấm học sinh không được ra khỏi lớp.
(The teacher forbids students from leaving the classroom.)

🔹 Mẹ cấm con không được đi chơi khuya.
(Mom forbids me from going out late.)

2. "Dạy" can take a noun instead of a verb

🔹 Cô Hà dạy em môn lịch sử. (Ms. Hà teaches me history.)

3. "Khuyên" + "nên" (should) for advice

🔹 Anh khuyên em nên xin lỗi mẹ. (He advises me to apologize to mom.)

🔹 Mẹ khuyên con nên học múa. (Mom advises me to learn dancing.)

4. "Ra lệnh" + "cho" (order someone to do something)

🔹 Giám đốc ra lệnh cho nhân viên làm việc.
(The director orders employees to work.)

🔹 Nhà nước ra lệnh cho người dân ở nhà.
(The government orders people to stay home.)


Different Ways to Say "Ask" in Vietnamese

In English, “ask” can have different meanings. In Vietnamese, we use different verbs depending on the context:

✅ To ask for something → "xin"

  • Tú xin mẹ tiền. (Tú asks mom for money.)

✅ To ask someone to do something → "kêu, nhờ, đề nghị, yêu cầu"

  • Cô giáo kêu tôi im lặng. (The teacher tells me to be quiet.)
  • Em nhờ anh làm việc này được không? (Can I ask you to do this?)
  • Công ty yêu cầu nhân viên không đi trễ. (The company requires employees not to be late.)

✅ To invite someone → "mời"

  • Bạn gái cũ mời Phi dự đám cưới. (His ex-girlfriend invited Phi to the wedding.)

Practice Exercise

Complete these sentences using the correct causative verb:

1️⃣ Mẹ ___ con học bài. (Mom tells me to study.)
2️⃣ Giám đốc ___ nhân viên làm việc sớm. (The director orders employees to work early.)
3️⃣ Mẹ ___ con không đi chơi khuya. (Mom forbids me from going out late.)
4️⃣ Tôi ___ anh đứng lên. (I suggest you stand up.)

Try to answer these on your own!


Start Learning Vietnamese Today!

By mastering causative verbs, you’ll be able to express commands, permissions, and prohibitions more naturally in Vietnamese. Keep practicing, and you’ll improve quickly!

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SVFF Team Southern Vietnamese For Foreigners
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